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An Analysis of the Association Between National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) Ratings and Player Injuries ↗Davidson R, Gordon S, Hussain A, Schneider S. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Davidson R, Gordon S, Hussain A, Schneider S., “An Analysis of the Association Between National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) Ratings and Player Injuries” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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An Unusual Cause of Buttock Pain in a Collegiate Football Player: A Septic Sacroiliac Joint ↗Guin JR, Moran R, Bentley BC. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Guin JR, Moran R, Bentley BC., “An Unusual Cause of Buttock Pain in a Collegiate Football Player: A Septic Sacroiliac Joint” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Association Between Playing Surface and Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury Risk in the National Football League: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis ↗Vemugunta V, Touheed A, Mahamkali A, Runnells H, Nerusu H, Cannada L. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Vemugunta V, Touheed A, Mahamkali A, Runnells H, Nerusu H, Cannada L., “Association Between Playing Surface and Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury Risk in the National Football League: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Body composition changes over a 4-year span in American college football players ↗Hew-Butler T, Pulford-Thorpe K, Smith-Hale V, Mendoza R, Sabourin J. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Hew-Butler T, Pulford-Thorpe K, Smith-Hale V, Mendoza R, Sabourin J., “Body composition changes over a 4-year span in American college football players” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Characterizing Biomarkers of Muscle Damage in Collegiate Football Players: A Prospective, Repeated Measures Study ↗Brandhurst G, Piedy E, Etheredge S, Martone M, Quiriarte HD, Phillips P, Calvert D, Lemoine NP, Marucci J, Irving BA, Zura R, Spielmann G, Johannsen NM, Matthews R. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Brandhurst G, Piedy E, Etheredge S, Martone M, Quiriarte HD, Phillips P, Calvert D, Lemoine NP, Marucci J, Irving BA, Zura R, Spielmann G, Johannsen NM, Matthews R., “Characterizing Biomarkers of Muscle Damage in Collegiate Football Players: A Prospective, Repeated Measures Study” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Dose-dependent white matter changes associated with repetitive head impacts in former American football players ↗Arciniega H, Wickham A, Szekely B, Kim N, Cho KI, Carrington H, Knyazhanskaya EE, John O, Jung LB, Breedlove K, Mirmajlesi AS, Stearns J, Rushmore RJ, Daneshvar DH, Wiegand TLT, Billah T, Pasternak O, · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
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Arciniega H, Wickham A, Szekely B, Kim N, Cho KI, Carrington H, Knyazhanskaya EE, John O, Jung LB, Breedlove K, Mirmajlesi AS, Stearns J, Rushmore RJ, Daneshvar DH, Wiegand TLT, Billah T, Pasternak O,, “Dose-dependent white matter changes associated with repetitive head impacts in former American football players” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Exploring Sprint Kinematics in American Football Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ↗Ito N, Lin YC, Martin JA, Blemker SS, Opar DA, Kliethermes SA, Heiderscheit BC, HAMIR Consortium Investigators. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Ito N, Lin YC, Martin JA, Blemker SS, Opar DA, Kliethermes SA, Heiderscheit BC, HAMIR Consortium Investigators., “Exploring Sprint Kinematics in American Football Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Exploring the impact of a data-feedback workshop on injury trends in a regional collegiate American football league in Japan ↗Umezaki Y, Endo Y, Taguchi N, Urushihata T, Kataoka H, Hiratsuka K, Katou H, Akaihata Y, Maeda N, Shinohara H. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Umezaki Y, Endo Y, Taguchi N, Urushihata T, Kataoka H, Hiratsuka K, Katou H, Akaihata Y, Maeda N, Shinohara H., “Exploring the impact of a data-feedback workshop on injury trends in a regional collegiate American football league in Japan” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Extrinsic Factors Contributing to Achilles Tendon Ruptures During NFL Games From 2010-2023: A Retrospective Analysis ↗Queenan K, DeMedal S, Rannulu H, Rogers P, Jordan L, Ravi S, Lynch S, Gallo RA. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Queenan K, DeMedal S, Rannulu H, Rogers P, Jordan L, Ravi S, Lynch S, Gallo RA., “Extrinsic Factors Contributing to Achilles Tendon Ruptures During NFL Games From 2010-2023: A Retrospective Analysis” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Iliac Apophysitis in a High School Football Player: A Case Report ↗Vomer RP, York E, Shah NP, Pujalte GGA. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Vomer RP, York E, Shah NP, Pujalte GGA., “Iliac Apophysitis in a High School Football Player: A Case Report” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Independent effects of mental fatigue and drop height on drop jump performance in American football athletes: an exploration of central-peripheral interaction ↗Wang Z, Feng Z, Lu M, Sun J, Liu T, Zhang Q, Wang X. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Wang Z, Feng Z, Lu M, Sun J, Liu T, Zhang Q, Wang X., “Independent effects of mental fatigue and drop height on drop jump performance in American football athletes: an exploration of central-peripheral interaction” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Lower‐Body Muscle Volumes Can Explain Half of the Variance in Sprint Speed Between Collegiate American Football Players ↗Martin JA, Joachim MR, Blemker SS, Opar DA, Mortensen B, Heiderscheit BC, HAMIR Study Group. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Martin JA, Joachim MR, Blemker SS, Opar DA, Mortensen B, Heiderscheit BC, HAMIR Study Group., “Lower‐Body Muscle Volumes Can Explain Half of the Variance in Sprint Speed Between Collegiate American Football Players” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Multimodal indicators of non-functional overreaching in NCAA Division I American football athletes: evidence for role-specific physiological adaptation ↗Aychman MM, Vinson K, Tasnim N, Perez J, Hodes GE, Basso JC. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Aychman MM, Vinson K, Tasnim N, Perez J, Hodes GE, Basso JC., “Multimodal indicators of non-functional overreaching in NCAA Division I American football athletes: evidence for role-specific physiological adaptation” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Neurodegenerative mortality among National Football League Players ↗Luster CB, Abdolmohammadi B, Mastrodicasa MJ, Nowinski CJ, Feigel ED, Finegan B, White AJ, Connors EJ, Rovito CA, Zafonte RD, Alosco ML, McKee AC, Mez J, Daneshvar DH. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
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Luster CB, Abdolmohammadi B, Mastrodicasa MJ, Nowinski CJ, Feigel ED, Finegan B, White AJ, Connors EJ, Rovito CA, Zafonte RD, Alosco ML, McKee AC, Mez J, Daneshvar DH., “Neurodegenerative mortality among National Football League Players” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Position-Specific Kinanthropometric Traits of Professional American Football Players: A Study of Mexican LFA Players ↗Vázquez-Villarreal LG, Carvajal-Veitía W, Guevara-Balcázar G, Maceroni C, López-Sánchez P, Castillo-Hernández MDC. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Vázquez-Villarreal LG, Carvajal-Veitía W, Guevara-Balcázar G, Maceroni C, López-Sánchez P, Castillo-Hernández MDC., “Position-Specific Kinanthropometric Traits of Professional American Football Players: A Study of Mexican LFA Players” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Regional ventricular enlargement as an in vivo biomarker of cumulative biomechanical neurodegeneration in former American football players ↗Szekely B, Stearns J, Mirmajlesi AS, Folkerth RD, Bouix S, Daneshvar DH, Adler CH, Bernick C, Balcer LJ, Cummings JL, Reiman EM, Stern RA, Shenton ME, Rushmore RJ, Arciniega H, DIAGNOSE CTE Research P · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
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Szekely B, Stearns J, Mirmajlesi AS, Folkerth RD, Bouix S, Daneshvar DH, Adler CH, Bernick C, Balcer LJ, Cummings JL, Reiman EM, Stern RA, Shenton ME, Rushmore RJ, Arciniega H, DIAGNOSE CTE Research P, “Regional ventricular enlargement as an in vivo biomarker of cumulative biomechanical neurodegeneration in former American football players” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Sleep Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Nutrition Knowledge in Ultramarathon Runners and American Football Players: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study ↗Kosendiak AA, Colinso B, Kuźnik Z, Makles S, Bazan H, Hariasz W, Biernat E. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Kosendiak AA, Colinso B, Kuźnik Z, Makles S, Bazan H, Hariasz W, Biernat E., “Sleep Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Nutrition Knowledge in Ultramarathon Runners and American Football Players: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Slow paced breathing and power posing: a pre-competitive ritual during an American football season ↗Fernández-Barradas EY, Reynoso-Sánchez LF, Herrera-Meza S, López-Walle JM, Martínez-Moreno AG. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Fernández-Barradas EY, Reynoso-Sánchez LF, Herrera-Meza S, López-Walle JM, Martínez-Moreno AG., “Slow paced breathing and power posing: a pre-competitive ritual during an American football season” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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The Association Between Early Sport Specialization and Injury and Career Outcomes Among National Football League Athletes ↗Chundi G, Dawar A, Fuller Z, Jones T, Lingam S, Galdi B. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Chundi G, Dawar A, Fuller Z, Jones T, Lingam S, Galdi B., “The Association Between Early Sport Specialization and Injury and Career Outcomes Among National Football League Athletes” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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The impact of physical-mental mixed fatigue on landing biomechanics inter-joint coordination and injury risk in elite American football players ↗Wang Z, Cui H, Lu J, Meng L, Xuan B, Zhu Y, Wang P, An J, Zhang Q, Wang X. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Wang Z, Cui H, Lu J, Meng L, Xuan B, Zhu Y, Wang P, An J, Zhang Q, Wang X., “The impact of physical-mental mixed fatigue on landing biomechanics inter-joint coordination and injury risk in elite American football players” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Visual Impairment and the Incidence of Concussions Among Youth Football Athletes ↗Jamaleddine K, Gad El Sayed M, Novak D, Goodman A, Helms J, Schlechter J. · 2026 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Jamaleddine K, Gad El Sayed M, Novak D, Goodman A, Helms J, Schlechter J., “Visual Impairment and the Incidence of Concussions Among Youth Football Athletes” (2026). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Association of player position and functional connectivity alterations in collegiate American football players: an fMRI study ↗Griffith O, Bai X, Walter AE, Gay M, Kelly J, Sebastianelli W, Papa L, Slobounov S. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Griffith O, Bai X, Walter AE, Gay M, Kelly J, Sebastianelli W, Papa L, Slobounov S., “Association of player position and functional connectivity alterations in collegiate American football players: an fMRI study” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Associations of Collegiate Football Career and Incident Concussion with Players' Health: A Longitudinal Study from the CARE Consortium ↗Hunzinger KJ, Caccese JB, Law CA, Wittmer RM, Buckley TA, Broglio SP, McAllister TW, McCrea MA, Pasquina PF, Schneider ALC, CARE Consortium Investigators. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Hunzinger KJ, Caccese JB, Law CA, Wittmer RM, Buckley TA, Broglio SP, McAllister TW, McCrea MA, Pasquina PF, Schneider ALC, CARE Consortium Investigators., “Associations of Collegiate Football Career and Incident Concussion with Players' Health: A Longitudinal Study from the CARE Consortium” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Effect of two training modalities on sprint performance in young American football players ↗Prioul V, Slawinski J, Guersent S, Lopes P, Leprêtre PM. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Prioul V, Slawinski J, Guersent S, Lopes P, Leprêtre PM., “Effect of two training modalities on sprint performance in young American football players” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Head in the game: the impact of cognitive abilities on performance of National Football League quarterbacks ↗Boone RT, Zambrotta NS, Manocchio AM, Bowman JK. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Boone RT, Zambrotta NS, Manocchio AM, Bowman JK., “Head in the game: the impact of cognitive abilities on performance of National Football League quarterbacks” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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High school football player experiences with multiple injuries: a qualitative biopsychosocial model application ↗Golub N, Steinfeldt JA. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Golub N, Steinfeldt JA., “High school football player experiences with multiple injuries: a qualitative biopsychosocial model application” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Impact of Cervical and Lumbar Spine Surgeries on National Football League (NFL) Player Performance and Return-to-Play Outcomes ↗O'Malley GR, Pema P, Sweeney P, Sarwar S, Cassimatis N, Knightly JJ, Goldstein I, Patel NV. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
O'Malley GR, Pema P, Sweeney P, Sarwar S, Cassimatis N, Knightly JJ, Goldstein I, Patel NV., “Impact of Cervical and Lumbar Spine Surgeries on National Football League (NFL) Player Performance and Return-to-Play Outcomes” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Inspiratory Muscle Performance and Its Correlates Among Division I American Football Players ↗Feigenbaum LA, Cahalin LP, Ruiz JT, Asken T, Cohen MI, Scavo VA, Kaplan LD, Rapicavoli JL. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Feigenbaum LA, Cahalin LP, Ruiz JT, Asken T, Cohen MI, Scavo VA, Kaplan LD, Rapicavoli JL., “Inspiratory Muscle Performance and Its Correlates Among Division I American Football Players” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Key Performance Indicators for College American Football Starters: An Exploratory Study ↗Johnson QR, Yang Y, Cabarkapa D, Stock S, Gleason D, Akehi K, Sealey D, Frels C, Smith DB, Fry AC. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Johnson QR, Yang Y, Cabarkapa D, Stock S, Gleason D, Akehi K, Sealey D, Frels C, Smith DB, Fry AC., “Key Performance Indicators for College American Football Starters: An Exploratory Study” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Knee injury mechanism varies by injury category: Video analysis of multi‐ligament knee injuries in the National Football League ↗Ruh E, Kallman T, Lyden E, Greiner J. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Ruh E, Kallman T, Lyden E, Greiner J., “Knee injury mechanism varies by injury category: Video analysis of multi‐ligament knee injuries in the National Football League” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Mental health trajectory throughout high school football career: a four-year prospective cohort study ↗Buddenbaum CV, Recht GO, Sweeney SH, Steinfeldt JA, Ellis G, Zuidema TR, Kercher KA, Bazarian JJ, Newman SD, Kawata K. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Buddenbaum CV, Recht GO, Sweeney SH, Steinfeldt JA, Ellis G, Zuidema TR, Kercher KA, Bazarian JJ, Newman SD, Kawata K., “Mental health trajectory throughout high school football career: a four-year prospective cohort study” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Periodization for success—in-season external training loads relative to competition load in American football ↗Johnson QR, Yang Y, Cabarkapa D, Sealey D, Stock S, Gleason D, Frels C, Rink M, Fry AC. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Johnson QR, Yang Y, Cabarkapa D, Sealey D, Stock S, Gleason D, Frels C, Rink M, Fry AC., “Periodization for success—in-season external training loads relative to competition load in American football” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Position-based assessment of head impact frequency, severity, type, and location in high school American football ↗Bagherian A, Abbasi Ghiri A, Ramzanpour M, Wallace J, Elashy S, Seidi M, Memar M. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Bagherian A, Abbasi Ghiri A, Ramzanpour M, Wallace J, Elashy S, Seidi M, Memar M., “Position-based assessment of head impact frequency, severity, type, and location in high school American football” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Pulmonary Contusions in a Collegiate Football Player With Same-Game Return-to-Play ↗Rollins R, Altman J, Diemer K, Smith A, Clugston JR, Silvestri P, Hill T, White D, Chrabaszcz S. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Rollins R, Altman J, Diemer K, Smith A, Clugston JR, Silvestri P, Hill T, White D, Chrabaszcz S., “Pulmonary Contusions in a Collegiate Football Player With Same-Game Return-to-Play” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Salivary testosterone and cortisol responses to seven weeks of practical blood flow restriction training in collegiate American football players ↗Luebbers PE, Kriley LM, Eserhaut DA, Andre MJ, Butler MS, Fry AC. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Luebbers PE, Kriley LM, Eserhaut DA, Andre MJ, Butler MS, Fry AC., “Salivary testosterone and cortisol responses to seven weeks of practical blood flow restriction training in collegiate American football players” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Shape analysis of the amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus in former American football players ↗John O, Wickham A, Jung LB, Mirmajlesi AS, Stearns J, Breedlove K, Kim N, Daneshvar DH, Billah T, Pasternak O, Chamaria A, Coleman MJ, Tripodis Y, Adler CH, Bernick C, Balcer LJ, Rushmore RJ, Alosco M · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
John O, Wickham A, Jung LB, Mirmajlesi AS, Stearns J, Breedlove K, Kim N, Daneshvar DH, Billah T, Pasternak O, Chamaria A, Coleman MJ, Tripodis Y, Adler CH, Bernick C, Balcer LJ, Rushmore RJ, Alosco M, “Shape analysis of the amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus in former American football players” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Sulcal morphology in former American football players ↗Jung LB, Mirmajlesi AS, Stearns J, Breedlove K, John O, Kim N, Wickham A, Su Y, Protas H, Baucom ZH, Tuz-Zahra F, Tripodis Y, Daneshvar DH, Wiegand TLT, Billah T, Pasternak O, Heller C, Im BS, Datta S · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
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Jung LB, Mirmajlesi AS, Stearns J, Breedlove K, John O, Kim N, Wickham A, Su Y, Protas H, Baucom ZH, Tuz-Zahra F, Tripodis Y, Daneshvar DH, Wiegand TLT, Billah T, Pasternak O, Heller C, Im BS, Datta S, “Sulcal morphology in former American football players” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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The Association Between Age of First Exposure to American Football at a Young Age and Later-Life Health Issues in Healthy, Community-Dwelling Adults ↗Rigney GH, Dugan JE, Bishay A, Jonzzon S, Jo J, Williams KL, Zuckerman SL, Terry DP. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Rigney GH, Dugan JE, Bishay A, Jonzzon S, Jo J, Williams KL, Zuckerman SL, Terry DP., “The Association Between Age of First Exposure to American Football at a Young Age and Later-Life Health Issues in Healthy, Community-Dwelling Adults” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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The Use of Fantasy Points to Evaluate Return-to-Play Performance After Time-Loss Injuries in the National Football League ↗Angileri HS, Geier JA, Hadley SM, McLoughlin DE, Owen MM, May JM, Terry M, Tjong VK. · 2025 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Angileri HS, Geier JA, Hadley SM, McLoughlin DE, Owen MM, May JM, Terry M, Tjong VK., “The Use of Fantasy Points to Evaluate Return-to-Play Performance After Time-Loss Injuries in the National Football League” (2025). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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A Comparison Between Italian Division I and College American Football Players in the NFL Combine Test Battery ↗Nigro F, Bartolomei S, D'Amico A, Ciacci S, Di Michele R, Coloretti V, Cortesi M. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Nigro F, Bartolomei S, D'Amico A, Ciacci S, Di Michele R, Coloretti V, Cortesi M., “A Comparison Between Italian Division I and College American Football Players in the NFL Combine Test Battery” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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American Football Headgear Impairs Visuomotor Drill Performance in Division I NCAA Football Athletes ↗Ballmann CG, Rogers RR. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
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Ballmann CG, Rogers RR., “American Football Headgear Impairs Visuomotor Drill Performance in Division I NCAA Football Athletes” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Analyzing exercise-to-rest ratios in U19 American football European championship: implications for team success and injury prevention ↗Prioul V, Slawinski J, Guersent S, Le Monnier L, Goeb V, Krim F, Lopes P, Leprêtre PM. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Prioul V, Slawinski J, Guersent S, Le Monnier L, Goeb V, Krim F, Lopes P, Leprêtre PM., “Analyzing exercise-to-rest ratios in U19 American football European championship: implications for team success and injury prevention” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Between-rater reliability for using radar technology to quantify maximal horizontal deceleration performance in NCAA division 1 American football and female lacrosse athletes ↗Philipp NM, McKay B, Martin E, Cabarkapa D, Fry AC, Troester J. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Philipp NM, McKay B, Martin E, Cabarkapa D, Fry AC, Troester J., “Between-rater reliability for using radar technology to quantify maximal horizontal deceleration performance in NCAA division 1 American football and female lacrosse athletes” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Blood and MRI biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury in non-concussed collegiate football players ↗Cho E, Granger J, Theall B, Lemoine N, Calvert D, Marucci J, Mullenix S, O'Neal H, Jacome T, Irving BA, Johannsen NM, Carmichael O, Spielmann G. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Cho E, Granger J, Theall B, Lemoine N, Calvert D, Marucci J, Mullenix S, O'Neal H, Jacome T, Irving BA, Johannsen NM, Carmichael O, Spielmann G., “Blood and MRI biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury in non-concussed collegiate football players” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Brain morphometry in former American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE research project ↗Arciniega H, Baucom ZH, Tuz-Zahra F, Tripodis Y, John O, Carrington H, Kim N, Knyazhanskaya EE, Jung LB, Breedlove K, Wiegand TLT, Daneshvar DH, Rushmore RJ, Billah T, Pasternak O, Coleman MJ, Adler C · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
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Credit
Arciniega H, Baucom ZH, Tuz-Zahra F, Tripodis Y, John O, Carrington H, Kim N, Knyazhanskaya EE, Jung LB, Breedlove K, Wiegand TLT, Daneshvar DH, Rushmore RJ, Billah T, Pasternak O, Coleman MJ, Adler C, “Brain morphometry in former American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE research project” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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COVID-19 National Football League (NFL) Injury Analysis: Follow-Up Study ↗Puga TB, Schafer J, Thiel G, Scigliano N, Ruan T, Toledo A, Agbedanu PN, Treffer K. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Puga TB, Schafer J, Thiel G, Scigliano N, Ruan T, Toledo A, Agbedanu PN, Treffer K., “COVID-19 National Football League (NFL) Injury Analysis: Follow-Up Study” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Dynamic Visual Acuity, Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex, and Visual Field in National Football League (NFL) Officiating: Physiology and Visualization Engineering for 3D Virtual On-Field Training ↗Ong J, Carrabba NV, Waisberg E, Zaman N, Memon H, Panzo N, Lee VA, Sarker P, Vogt AZ, Laylani N, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Ong J, Carrabba NV, Waisberg E, Zaman N, Memon H, Panzo N, Lee VA, Sarker P, Vogt AZ, Laylani N, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG., “Dynamic Visual Acuity, Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex, and Visual Field in National Football League (NFL) Officiating: Physiology and Visualization Engineering for 3D Virtual On-Field Training” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Field Surface Type and Season-Ending Lower Extremity Injury in NFL Players ↗McCormick WF, Lomis MJ, Yeager MT, Tsavaris NJ, Rogers CD. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
McCormick WF, Lomis MJ, Yeager MT, Tsavaris NJ, Rogers CD., “Field Surface Type and Season-Ending Lower Extremity Injury in NFL Players” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Impact of fish oil supplementation on plasma levels of highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid classes and molecular species in American football athletes ↗Mullins VA, Snider JM, Michael B, Porter LR, Brinton RD, Chilton FH. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Mullins VA, Snider JM, Michael B, Porter LR, Brinton RD, Chilton FH., “Impact of fish oil supplementation on plasma levels of highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid classes and molecular species in American football athletes” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Inflammatory biomarkers for neurobehavioral dysregulation in former American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project ↗van Amerongen S, Pulukuri SV, Tuz-Zahra F, Tripodis Y, Cherry JD, Bernick C, Geda YE, Wethe JV, Katz DI, Alosco ML, Adler CH, Balcer LJ, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Daneshvar DH, Colasurdo EA, · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
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Credit
van Amerongen S, Pulukuri SV, Tuz-Zahra F, Tripodis Y, Cherry JD, Bernick C, Geda YE, Wethe JV, Katz DI, Alosco ML, Adler CH, Balcer LJ, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Daneshvar DH, Colasurdo EA,, “Inflammatory biomarkers for neurobehavioral dysregulation in former American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Influence of Long-Term Use of American Football Helmets on Concussion Risk ↗Zhang Y, Mitsui M, Yoneyama S, Aomura S. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Zhang Y, Mitsui M, Yoneyama S, Aomura S., “Influence of Long-Term Use of American Football Helmets on Concussion Risk” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Knee Ligament Injuries in the National Football League: Impact of Field Surface Type During the 2020-2023 Seasons ↗McCormick WF, Lomis MJ, Cooper CB, Yeager M, Tsavaris NJ, Patch D. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
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Credit
McCormick WF, Lomis MJ, Cooper CB, Yeager M, Tsavaris NJ, Patch D., “Knee Ligament Injuries in the National Football League: Impact of Field Surface Type During the 2020-2023 Seasons” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Longitudinal changes in resting state fMRI brain self-similarity of asymptomatic high school American football athletes ↗Fitzgerald B, Bari S, Vike N, Lee TA, Lycke RJ, Auger JD, Leverenz LJ, Nauman E, Goñi J, Talavage TM. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
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Credit
Fitzgerald B, Bari S, Vike N, Lee TA, Lycke RJ, Auger JD, Leverenz LJ, Nauman E, Goñi J, Talavage TM., “Longitudinal changes in resting state fMRI brain self-similarity of asymptomatic high school American football athletes” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Protein Requirements for Maximal Muscle Mass and Athletic Performance Are Achieved with Completely Plant-Based Diets Scaled to Meet Energy Needs: A Modeling Study in Professional American Football Players ↗Goldman DM, Warbeck CB, Karlsen MC. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
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Credit
Goldman DM, Warbeck CB, Karlsen MC., “Protein Requirements for Maximal Muscle Mass and Athletic Performance Are Achieved with Completely Plant-Based Diets Scaled to Meet Energy Needs: A Modeling Study in Professional American Football Players” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Repetitive Head Impacts and Perivascular Space Volume in Former American Football Players ↗Jung LB, Wiegand TLT, Tuz-Zahra F, Tripodis Y, Iliff JJ, Piantino J, Arciniega H, Kim CL, Pankatz L, Bouix S, Lin AP, Alosco ML, Daneshvar DH, Mez J, Sepehrband F, Rathi Y, Pasternak O, Coleman MJ, Ad · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
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Credit
Jung LB, Wiegand TLT, Tuz-Zahra F, Tripodis Y, Iliff JJ, Piantino J, Arciniega H, Kim CL, Pankatz L, Bouix S, Lin AP, Alosco ML, Daneshvar DH, Mez J, Sepehrband F, Rathi Y, Pasternak O, Coleman MJ, Ad, “Repetitive Head Impacts and Perivascular Space Volume in Former American Football Players” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Repetitive head injuries in German American football players do not change blood-based biomarker candidates for CTE during a single season ↗Bastgen T, Evers J, Oedekoven C, Weide C, Herzog L, Ashton N, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Albus A, Vidovic N, Kraff O, Deuschl C, Dodel R, Ross JA. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Bastgen T, Evers J, Oedekoven C, Weide C, Herzog L, Ashton N, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Albus A, Vidovic N, Kraff O, Deuschl C, Dodel R, Ross JA., “Repetitive head injuries in German American football players do not change blood-based biomarker candidates for CTE during a single season” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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The Correlations Between Concussions and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) in the National Football League: Why Does Society Keep Promoting Sports With High CTE Rates? ↗Zamzam M, Sinan K, Mohilldean H, Hasan S, Saleh ES. · 2024 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Zamzam M, Sinan K, Mohilldean H, Hasan S, Saleh ES., “The Correlations Between Concussions and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) in the National Football League: Why Does Society Keep Promoting Sports With High CTE Rates?” (2024). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Amyloid PET across the cognitive spectrum in former professional and college American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project ↗Stern RA, Trujillo-Rodriguez D, Tripodis Y, Pulukuri SV, Alosco ML, Adler CH, Balcer LJ, Bernick C, Baucom Z, Marek KL, McClean MD, Johnson KA, McKee AC, Stein TD, Mez J, Palmisano JN, Cummings JL, Sh · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
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Credit
Stern RA, Trujillo-Rodriguez D, Tripodis Y, Pulukuri SV, Alosco ML, Adler CH, Balcer LJ, Bernick C, Baucom Z, Marek KL, McClean MD, Johnson KA, McKee AC, Stein TD, Mez J, Palmisano JN, Cummings JL, Sh, “Amyloid PET across the cognitive spectrum in former professional and college American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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An Exploratory Study Investigating the Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Collegiate Division I American Football Athletes ↗Wardenaar FC, Schott KD, Mohr AE, Ortega-Santos CP, Connolly JE. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Wardenaar FC, Schott KD, Mohr AE, Ortega-Santos CP, Connolly JE., “An Exploratory Study Investigating the Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Collegiate Division I American Football Athletes” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Changes in resting state networks in high school football athletes across a single season ↗Ghiles CW, Clark MD, Kuzminski SJ, Fraser MA, Petrella JR, Guskiewicz KM. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Ghiles CW, Clark MD, Kuzminski SJ, Fraser MA, Petrella JR, Guskiewicz KM., “Changes in resting state networks in high school football athletes across a single season” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Characterizing neck injuries in the national football league: a descriptive epidemiology study ↗Dow B, Doucet D, Vemu SM, Boddapati V, Marco RAW, Hirase T. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Dow B, Doucet D, Vemu SM, Boddapati V, Marco RAW, Hirase T., “Characterizing neck injuries in the national football league: a descriptive epidemiology study” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change is uncommon in men who played amateur American football ↗Iverson GL, Jamshidi P, Fisher-Hubbard AO, Deep-Soboslay A, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, deJong JL, Shepherd CE, Hazrati LN, Castellani RJ. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Iverson GL, Jamshidi P, Fisher-Hubbard AO, Deep-Soboslay A, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, deJong JL, Shepherd CE, Hazrati LN, Castellani RJ., “Chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change is uncommon in men who played amateur American football” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Decreased Concussion Incidence Following the Implementation of the Targeting Rules: An Updated Epidemiology of National Football League Concussions From 2017 to 2022 ↗May JM, Angileri HS, McLoughlin DE, Owen MM, Terry M, Tjong V. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
May JM, Angileri HS, McLoughlin DE, Owen MM, Terry M, Tjong V., “Decreased Concussion Incidence Following the Implementation of the Targeting Rules: An Updated Epidemiology of National Football League Concussions From 2017 to 2022” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Development of a Cutting Technique Modification Training Program and Evaluation of its Effects on Movement Quality and Cutting Performance in Male Adolescent American Football Players ↗Thieschäfer L, Klütz J, Weig J, Dos'Santos T, Büsch D. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Thieschäfer L, Klütz J, Weig J, Dos'Santos T, Büsch D., “Development of a Cutting Technique Modification Training Program and Evaluation of its Effects on Movement Quality and Cutting Performance in Male Adolescent American Football Players” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Efficacy of Guardian Cap Soft-Shell Padding on Head Impact Kinematics in American Football: Pilot Findings ↗Sinnott AM, Chandler MC, Van Dyke C, Mincberg DL, Pinapaka H, Lauck BJ, Mihalik JP. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Sinnott AM, Chandler MC, Van Dyke C, Mincberg DL, Pinapaka H, Lauck BJ, Mihalik JP., “Efficacy of Guardian Cap Soft-Shell Padding on Head Impact Kinematics in American Football: Pilot Findings” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Exercise Cardiac Load and Autonomic Nervous System Recovery during In-Season Training: The Impact on Speed Deterioration in American Football Athletes ↗Renaghan E, Wittels HL, Feigenbaum LA, Wishon MJ, Chong S, Wittels ED, Hendricks S, Hecocks D, Bellamy K, Girardi J, Lee S, Vo T, McDonald SM, Wittels SH. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Renaghan E, Wittels HL, Feigenbaum LA, Wishon MJ, Chong S, Wittels ED, Hendricks S, Hecocks D, Bellamy K, Girardi J, Lee S, Vo T, McDonald SM, Wittels SH., “Exercise Cardiac Load and Autonomic Nervous System Recovery during In-Season Training: The Impact on Speed Deterioration in American Football Athletes” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Finite element evaluation of an American football helmet featuring liquid shock absorbers for protecting against concussive and subconcussive head impacts ↗Cecchi NJ, Vahid Alizadeh H, Liu Y, Camarillo DB. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Cecchi NJ, Vahid Alizadeh H, Liu Y, Camarillo DB., “Finite element evaluation of an American football helmet featuring liquid shock absorbers for protecting against concussive and subconcussive head impacts” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Internal or External Training Load Metrics: Which Is Best for Tracking Autonomic Nervous System Recovery and Function in Collegiate American Football? ↗Renaghan E, Wittels HL, Wittels SH, Wishon MJ, Hecocks D, Wittels ED, Hendricks S, Girardi J, Lee SJ, McDonald SM, Feigenbaum LA. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Renaghan E, Wittels HL, Wittels SH, Wishon MJ, Hecocks D, Wittels ED, Hendricks S, Girardi J, Lee SJ, McDonald SM, Feigenbaum LA., “Internal or External Training Load Metrics: Which Is Best for Tracking Autonomic Nervous System Recovery and Function in Collegiate American Football?” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Jones Fracture in the National Football League ↗Luo EJ, Anastasio AT, Stauffer T, Grant C, Wu CJ, Wu KA, Kaplan S, Lau BC. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Luo EJ, Anastasio AT, Stauffer T, Grant C, Wu CJ, Wu KA, Kaplan S, Lau BC., “Jones Fracture in the National Football League” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Longitudinal cardiac remodeling in collegiate American football players as assessed by echocardiography during their collegiate career ↗Hamburger RF, Taha Y, Ruzieh M, Clugston JR, Handberg EM, Reifsteck F, Martinez MW, Pepine CJ, Edenfield KM. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Hamburger RF, Taha Y, Ruzieh M, Clugston JR, Handberg EM, Reifsteck F, Martinez MW, Pepine CJ, Edenfield KM., “Longitudinal cardiac remodeling in collegiate American football players as assessed by echocardiography during their collegiate career” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Longitudinal, prospective study of head impacts in male high school football players ↗McAlister KL, Mack WJ, Bir C, Baron DA, Som C, Li K, Chavarria-Garcia A, Sawardekar S, Baron D, Toth Z, Allem C, Beatty N, Nakayama J, Kelln R, Zaslow T, Bansal R, Peterson BS. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
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McAlister KL, Mack WJ, Bir C, Baron DA, Som C, Li K, Chavarria-Garcia A, Sawardekar S, Baron D, Toth Z, Allem C, Beatty N, Nakayama J, Kelln R, Zaslow T, Bansal R, Peterson BS., “Longitudinal, prospective study of head impacts in male high school football players” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players ↗Alosco ML, Barr WB, Banks SJ, Wethe JV, Miller JB, Pulukuri SV, Culhane J, Tripodis Y, Adler CH, Balcer LJ, Bernick C, Mariani ML, Cantu RC, Dodick DW, McClean MD, Au R, Mez J, Turner RW, Palmisano JN · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
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Credit
Alosco ML, Barr WB, Banks SJ, Wethe JV, Miller JB, Pulukuri SV, Culhane J, Tripodis Y, Adler CH, Balcer LJ, Bernick C, Mariani ML, Cantu RC, Dodick DW, McClean MD, Au R, Mez J, Turner RW, Palmisano JN, “Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Physiological and Biomechanical Monitoring in American Football Players: A Scoping Review ↗Nocera A, Sbrollini A, Romagnoli S, Morettini M, Gambi E, Burattini L. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Nocera A, Sbrollini A, Romagnoli S, Morettini M, Gambi E, Burattini L., “Physiological and Biomechanical Monitoring in American Football Players: A Scoping Review” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Prophylactic Knee Bracing in Offensive Linemen of the National Football League: A Retrospective Analysis of Usage Trends, Player Performance, and Major Knee Injury ↗Ackerman DR, Ptasinski AM, Edmond T, Dunleavy ML, Gallo RA. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Ackerman DR, Ptasinski AM, Edmond T, Dunleavy ML, Gallo RA., “Prophylactic Knee Bracing in Offensive Linemen of the National Football League: A Retrospective Analysis of Usage Trends, Player Performance, and Major Knee Injury” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Risk factors for hamstring strain injury in male college American football players -a preliminary prospective cohort study- ↗Mizutani Y, Taketomi S, Kawaguchi K, Takei S, Yamagami R, Kono K, Kage T, Sameshima S, Inui H, Fujiwara S, Tanaka S, Ogata T. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Mizutani Y, Taketomi S, Kawaguchi K, Takei S, Yamagami R, Kono K, Kage T, Sameshima S, Inui H, Fujiwara S, Tanaka S, Ogata T., “Risk factors for hamstring strain injury in male college American football players -a preliminary prospective cohort study-” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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The association between playing professional American football and longevity ↗Warren JR, Rumore G. · 2023 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Warren JR, Rumore G., “The association between playing professional American football and longevity” (2023). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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A national survey of clubs medical provision and facilities in BUCS American Football 2019–2020 ↗Travis EL, Scott-Bell A, Thornton C. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Travis EL, Scott-Bell A, Thornton C., “A national survey of clubs medical provision and facilities in BUCS American Football 2019–2020” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Air Quality Is Predictive of Mistakes in Professional Baseball and American Football ↗Heintz EC, Scott DP, Simms KR, Foreman JJ. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Heintz EC, Scott DP, Simms KR, Foreman JJ., “Air Quality Is Predictive of Mistakes in Professional Baseball and American Football” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Associations of lifetime concussion history and repetitive head impact exposure with resting-state functional connectivity in former collegiate American football players: An NCAA 15-year follow-up study ↗Walton SR, Powell JR, Brett BL, Yin W, Kerr ZY, Liu M, McCrea MA, Guskiewicz KM, Giovanello KS. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Walton SR, Powell JR, Brett BL, Yin W, Kerr ZY, Liu M, McCrea MA, Guskiewicz KM, Giovanello KS., “Associations of lifetime concussion history and repetitive head impact exposure with resting-state functional connectivity in former collegiate American football players: An NCAA 15-year follow-up study” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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COVID-19 Return to Sport: NFL Injury Prevalence Analysis ↗Puga TB, Schafer J, Agbedanu PN, Treffer K. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Puga TB, Schafer J, Agbedanu PN, Treffer K., “COVID-19 Return to Sport: NFL Injury Prevalence Analysis” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Effects of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaoic acid supplementation on white matter integrity after repetitive sub-concussive head impacts during American football: Exploratory neuroimaging findings from a pilot RCT ↗Raikes AC, Hernandez GD, Mullins VA, Wang Y, Lopez C, Killgore WDS, Chilton FH, Brinton RD. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Raikes AC, Hernandez GD, Mullins VA, Wang Y, Lopez C, Killgore WDS, Chilton FH, Brinton RD., “Effects of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaoic acid supplementation on white matter integrity after repetitive sub-concussive head impacts during American football: Exploratory neuroimaging findings from a pilot RCT” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Effects of Fish Oil on Biomarkers of Axonal Injury and Inflammation in American Football Players: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Controlled Trial ↗Mullins VA, Graham S, Cummings D, Wood A, Ovando V, Skulas-Ray AC, Polian D, Wang Y, Hernandez GD, Lopez CM, Raikes AC, Brinton RD, Chilton FH. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Mullins VA, Graham S, Cummings D, Wood A, Ovando V, Skulas-Ray AC, Polian D, Wang Y, Hernandez GD, Lopez CM, Raikes AC, Brinton RD, Chilton FH., “Effects of Fish Oil on Biomarkers of Axonal Injury and Inflammation in American Football Players: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Controlled Trial” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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High School Football and Risk for Depression and Suicidality in Adulthood: Findings From a National Longitudinal Study ↗Iverson GL, Terry DP. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Iverson GL, Terry DP., “High School Football and Risk for Depression and Suicidality in Adulthood: Findings From a National Longitudinal Study” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Incipient chronic traumatic encephalopathy in active American football players: neuropsychological assessment and brain perfusion measures ↗Querzola G, Lovati C, Laganà MM, Pirastru A, Baglio F, Pantoni L. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Querzola G, Lovati C, Laganà MM, Pirastru A, Baglio F, Pantoni L., “Incipient chronic traumatic encephalopathy in active American football players: neuropsychological assessment and brain perfusion measures” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in High School Football Players: Brain and Cervical Spine ↗Yu HJ, Wadi L, Say I, Paganini-Hill A, Chow D, Jafari AH, Farhan SD, Del Sol SR, Mobayed O, Alvarez A, Hasso A, Li SS, Do H, Berkeley D, Lee YP, Su LM, Rosen C, Fisher M. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Yu HJ, Wadi L, Say I, Paganini-Hill A, Chow D, Jafari AH, Farhan SD, Del Sol SR, Mobayed O, Alvarez A, Hasso A, Li SS, Do H, Berkeley D, Lee YP, Su LM, Rosen C, Fisher M., “Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in High School Football Players: Brain and Cervical Spine” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.
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Metabolomic response to collegiate football participation: Pre - and Post -season analysis ↗Vike NL, Bari S, Stetsiv K, Talavage TM, Nauman EA, Papa L, Slobounov S, Breiter HC, Cornelis MC. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Vike NL, Bari S, Stetsiv K, Talavage TM, Nauman EA, Papa L, Slobounov S, Breiter HC, Cornelis MC., “Metabolomic response to collegiate football participation: Pre - and Post -season analysis” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Neuroimaging Markers for Determining Former American Football Players at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease ↗Baragi VM, Gattu R, Trifan G, Woodard JL, Meyers K, Halstead TS, Hipple E, Haacke EM, Benson RR. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Baragi VM, Gattu R, Trifan G, Woodard JL, Meyers K, Halstead TS, Hipple E, Haacke EM, Benson RR., “Neuroimaging Markers for Determining Former American Football Players at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.
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Relationship between Aggressiveness, Self-Confidence, and Perceived Coach Support and Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football ↗Marks ME, Flood WC, Kelley ME, Espeland MA, Miles CM, Powers AK, Whitlow CT, Maldjian JA, Stitzel JD, Urban JE. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Marks ME, Flood WC, Kelley ME, Espeland MA, Miles CM, Powers AK, Whitlow CT, Maldjian JA, Stitzel JD, Urban JE., “Relationship between Aggressiveness, Self-Confidence, and Perceived Coach Support and Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Salivary immunity of elite collegiate American football players infected with SARS-CoV-2 normalizes following isolation ↗Granger J, Cho E, Lindsey K, Lemoine N, Calvert D, Marucci J, Mullenix S, O'Neal H, Irving BA, Johannsen N, Spielmann G. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Granger J, Cho E, Lindsey K, Lemoine N, Calvert D, Marucci J, Mullenix S, O'Neal H, Irving BA, Johannsen N, Spielmann G., “Salivary immunity of elite collegiate American football players infected with SARS-CoV-2 normalizes following isolation” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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The Effects of Body Tempering on Force Production, Flexibility and Muscle Soreness in Collegiate Football Athletes ↗Taber CB, Colter RJ, Davis JJ, Seweje PA, Wilson DP, Foster JZ, Merrigan JJ. · 2022 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Taber CB, Colter RJ, Davis JJ, Seweje PA, Wilson DP, Foster JZ, Merrigan JJ., “The Effects of Body Tempering on Force Production, Flexibility and Muscle Soreness in Collegiate Football Athletes” (2022). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Adenovirus Infection and Rhabdomyolysis as a Cause of Acute Liver Failure in a Healthy Collegiate Football Athlete: A Case Report and Proposed Return to Play Protocol for Rhabdomyolysis ↗Hwang CE, Matheson G, Baine J. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 3.0
Credit
Hwang CE, Matheson G, Baine J., “Adenovirus Infection and Rhabdomyolysis as a Cause of Acute Liver Failure in a Healthy Collegiate Football Athlete: A Case Report and Proposed Return to Play Protocol for Rhabdomyolysis” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.
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Age at League Entry and Early All-Cause Mortality among National Football League Players ↗Walia B, Kmush BL, Ehrlich J, Mackowski M, Sanders S. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Walia B, Kmush BL, Ehrlich J, Mackowski M, Sanders S., “Age at League Entry and Early All-Cause Mortality among National Football League Players” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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American football: Watch Your Head! ↗Sarmiento K, Waltzman D. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Sarmiento K, Waltzman D., “American football: Watch Your Head!” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Analysis of HIC and Hydrostatic Pressure in the Human Head during NOCSAE Tests of American Football Helmets ↗Dymek M, Ptak M, Ratajczak M, Fernandes FAO, Kwiatkowski A, Wilhelm J. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Dymek M, Ptak M, Ratajczak M, Fernandes FAO, Kwiatkowski A, Wilhelm J., “Analysis of HIC and Hydrostatic Pressure in the Human Head during NOCSAE Tests of American Football Helmets” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Bilateral back squat strength is increased during a 3-week undulating resistance training program with and without variable resistance in DIII collegiate football players ↗Sawyer J, Higgins P, Cacolice PA, Doming T. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Sawyer J, Higgins P, Cacolice PA, Doming T., “Bilateral back squat strength is increased during a 3-week undulating resistance training program with and without variable resistance in DIII collegiate football players” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Changes in White Matter of the Cervical Spinal Cord after a Single Season of Collegiate Football ↗Johnson B, Walter AE, Wilkes JR, Papa L, Slobounov SM. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Johnson B, Walter AE, Wilkes JR, Papa L, Slobounov SM., “Changes in White Matter of the Cervical Spinal Cord after a Single Season of Collegiate Football” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.
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Concussion Reporting and Safeguarding Policy Development in British American Football: An Essential Agenda ↗Travis E, Thornton C, Scott-Bell A. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Travis E, Thornton C, Scott-Bell A., “Concussion Reporting and Safeguarding Policy Development in British American Football: An Essential Agenda” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Decreases in Dorsal Cervical Spinal Cord White Matter Tract Integrity Are Associated with Elevated Levels of Serum MicroRNA Biomarkers in NCAA Division I Collegiate Football Players ↗Papa L, Johnson B, Walter AE, Wilkes JR, Knollmann-Ritschel B, Bhomia M, Slobounov SM. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Papa L, Johnson B, Walter AE, Wilkes JR, Knollmann-Ritschel B, Bhomia M, Slobounov SM., “Decreases in Dorsal Cervical Spinal Cord White Matter Tract Integrity Are Associated with Elevated Levels of Serum MicroRNA Biomarkers in NCAA Division I Collegiate Football Players” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.
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Does one heavy load back squat set lead to postactivation performance enhancement of three-point explosion and sprint in third division American football players? ↗Bielitzki R, Hamacher D, Zech A. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Bielitzki R, Hamacher D, Zech A., “Does one heavy load back squat set lead to postactivation performance enhancement of three-point explosion and sprint in third division American football players?” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Game Utilization and Performance Following RTP From ACL Reconstruction Does not Influence a Subsequent Second ACL Injury in National Football League Players ↗Khalil LS, Lindsay-Rivera KG, Abbas MJ, Shah S, Tandron M, Ferris A, Okoroha KR. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Khalil LS, Lindsay-Rivera KG, Abbas MJ, Shah S, Tandron M, Ferris A, Okoroha KR., “Game Utilization and Performance Following RTP From ACL Reconstruction Does not Influence a Subsequent Second ACL Injury in National Football League Players” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Hydration, Eating Attitudes and Behaviors in Age and Weight-Restricted Youth American Football Players ↗Yeargin S, Torres-McGehee TM, Emerson D, Koller J, Dickinson J. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Yeargin S, Torres-McGehee TM, Emerson D, Koller J, Dickinson J., “Hydration, Eating Attitudes and Behaviors in Age and Weight-Restricted Youth American Football Players” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Implementation and Evolution of Mitigation Measures, Testing, and Contact Tracing in the National Football League, August 9–November 21, 2020 ↗Mack CD, Wasserman EB, Perrine CG, MacNeil A, Anderson DJ, Myers E, Smith S, McDonald LC, Osterholm M, Solomon GS, Mayer T, Sills A, NFL COVID-19 Advisory and Operational Team. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
U.S. public domain
Credit
Mack CD, Wasserman EB, Perrine CG, MacNeil A, Anderson DJ, Myers E, Smith S, McDonald LC, Osterholm M, Solomon GS, Mayer T, Sills A, NFL COVID-19 Advisory and Operational Team., “Implementation and Evolution of Mitigation Measures, Testing, and Contact Tracing in the National Football League, August 9–November 21, 2020” (2021). PubMed Central. U.S. public domain.
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Incidence of and Mortality From Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in National Football League Athletes ↗Daneshvar DH, Mez J, Alosco ML, Baucom ZH, Mahar I, Baugh CM, Valle JP, Weuve J, Paganoni S, Cantu RC, Zafonte RD, Stern RA, Stein TD, Tripodis Y, Nowinski CJ, McKee AC. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Daneshvar DH, Mez J, Alosco ML, Baucom ZH, Mahar I, Baugh CM, Valle JP, Weuve J, Paganoni S, Cantu RC, Zafonte RD, Stern RA, Stein TD, Tripodis Y, Nowinski CJ, McKee AC., “Incidence of and Mortality From Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in National Football League Athletes” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Mapping default mode connectivity alterations following a single season of subconcussive impact exposure in youth football ↗DeSimone JC, Davenport EM, Urban J, Xi Y, Holcomb JM, Kelley ME, Whitlow CT, Powers AK, Stitzel JD, Maldjian JA. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
DeSimone JC, Davenport EM, Urban J, Xi Y, Holcomb JM, Kelley ME, Whitlow CT, Powers AK, Stitzel JD, Maldjian JA., “Mapping default mode connectivity alterations following a single season of subconcussive impact exposure in youth football” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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NCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status ↗Wang H, Martone M, Owens ME, Lemoine NP, Marucci J, Calvert D, Mullenix S, Church TS, Rood J, Harrell B, Irving BA, Spielmann G, Johannsen NM. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Wang H, Martone M, Owens ME, Lemoine NP, Marucci J, Calvert D, Mullenix S, Church TS, Rood J, Harrell B, Irving BA, Spielmann G, Johannsen NM., “NCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Notes from the Field: SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Associated with High School Football Team Members — Florida, September–October 2020 ↗Siegel M, Kloppenburg B, Woerle S, Sjoblom S, Danyluk G. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
U.S. public domain
Credit
Siegel M, Kloppenburg B, Woerle S, Sjoblom S, Danyluk G., “Notes from the Field: SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Associated with High School Football Team Members — Florida, September–October 2020” (2021). PubMed Central. U.S. public domain.
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Offseason Body Composition Changes Detected by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry versus Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Collegiate American Football Athletes ↗Boykin JR, Tinsley GM, Harrison CM, Prather J, Zaragoza J, Tinnin M, Smith S, Wilson C, Taylor LW. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Boykin JR, Tinsley GM, Harrison CM, Prather J, Zaragoza J, Tinnin M, Smith S, Wilson C, Taylor LW., “Offseason Body Composition Changes Detected by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry versus Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Collegiate American Football Athletes” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Player position in American football influences the magnitude of mechanical strains produced in the location of chronic traumatic encephalopathy pathology: A computational modelling study ↗Zimmerman KA, Kim J, Karton C, Lochhead L, Sharp DJ, Hoshizaki T, Ghajari M. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Zimmerman KA, Kim J, Karton C, Lochhead L, Sharp DJ, Hoshizaki T, Ghajari M., “Player position in American football influences the magnitude of mechanical strains produced in the location of chronic traumatic encephalopathy pathology: A computational modelling study” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Positional Differences in Pre-Season Scrimmage Performance of Division I Collegiate Football Players ↗Early KS, Lemoine NP, Simoneaux A, Mullenix S, Marucci J, MacLellan MJ, Johannsen NM. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Early KS, Lemoine NP, Simoneaux A, Mullenix S, Marucci J, MacLellan MJ, Johannsen NM., “Positional Differences in Pre-Season Scrimmage Performance of Division I Collegiate Football Players” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles Separated from Plasma of Former National Football League Players at Risk for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ↗Muraoka S, DeLeo AM, Yang Z, Tatebe H, Yukawa-Takamatsu K, Ikezu S, Tokuda T, Issadore D, Stern RA, Ikezu T. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 2.0
Credit
Muraoka S, DeLeo AM, Yang Z, Tatebe H, Yukawa-Takamatsu K, Ikezu S, Tokuda T, Issadore D, Stern RA, Ikezu T., “Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles Separated from Plasma of Former National Football League Players at Risk for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/.
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Social network structure and composition in former NFL football players ↗Dhand A, McCafferty L, Grashow R, Corbin IM, Cohan S, Whittington AJ, Connor A, Baggish A, Weisskopf M, Zafonte R, Pascual-Leone A, Barabási AL. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Dhand A, McCafferty L, Grashow R, Corbin IM, Cohan S, Whittington AJ, Connor A, Baggish A, Weisskopf M, Zafonte R, Pascual-Leone A, Barabási AL., “Social network structure and composition in former NFL football players” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Sports Level and the Personality of American Football Players in Poland ↗Piepiora P, Kwiatkowski D, Bagińska J, Agouridas D. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Piepiora P, Kwiatkowski D, Bagińska J, Agouridas D., “Sports Level and the Personality of American Football Players in Poland” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Subconcussive changes in youth football players: objective evidence using brain vital signs and instrumented accelerometers ↗Fickling SD, Poel DN, Dorman JC, D'Arcy RCN, Munce TA. · 2021 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Fickling SD, Poel DN, Dorman JC, D'Arcy RCN, Munce TA., “Subconcussive changes in youth football players: objective evidence using brain vital signs and instrumented accelerometers” (2021). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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A novel repetitive head impact exposure measurement tool differentiates player position in National Football League ↗Karton C, Blaine Hoshizaki T, Gilchrist MD. · 2020 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Karton C, Blaine Hoshizaki T, Gilchrist MD., “A novel repetitive head impact exposure measurement tool differentiates player position in National Football League” (2020). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Determinants of Missed Games Following Concussions in the National Football League ↗Heintz EC, Breaux L, Lewis A, Foreman JJ. · 2020 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Heintz EC, Breaux L, Lewis A, Foreman JJ., “Determinants of Missed Games Following Concussions in the National Football League” (2020). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Subconcussive head impact exposure between drill intensities in U.S. high school football ↗Kercher K, Steinfeldt JA, Macy JT, Ejima K, Kawata K. · 2020 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Kercher K, Steinfeldt JA, Macy JT, Ejima K, Kawata K., “Subconcussive head impact exposure between drill intensities in U.S. high school football” (2020). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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The cost of a single concussion in American high school football: a retrospective cohort study ↗Yengo-Kahn AM, Kelly PD, Liles DC, McKeithan LJ, Grisham CJ, Khan MS, Lee T, Kuhn AW, Bonfield CM, Zuckerman SL. · 2020 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Yengo-Kahn AM, Kelly PD, Liles DC, McKeithan LJ, Grisham CJ, Khan MS, Lee T, Kuhn AW, Bonfield CM, Zuckerman SL., “The cost of a single concussion in American high school football: a retrospective cohort study” (2020). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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The Relationships between Internal and External Load Measures for Division I College Football Practice ↗Sobolewski EJ. · 2020 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Sobolewski EJ., “The Relationships between Internal and External Load Measures for Division I College Football Practice” (2020). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Y-Balance Test Performance Does Not Determine Non-Contact Lower Quadrant Injury in Collegiate American Football Players ↗Luedke LE, Geisthardt TW, Rauh MJ. · 2020 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex injury definitions, populations, time periods and reported outcomes; distinguish association from cause and avoid prescribing return-to-play decisions.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Luedke LE, Geisthardt TW, Rauh MJ., “Y-Balance Test Performance Does Not Determine Non-Contact Lower Quadrant Injury in Collegiate American Football Players” (2020). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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A Mechanical Brain Damage Framework Used to Model Abnormal Brain Tau Protein Accumulations of National Football League Players ↗Horstemeyer MF, Berthelson PR, Moore J, Persons AK, Dobbins A, Prabhu RK. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Horstemeyer MF, Berthelson PR, Moore J, Persons AK, Dobbins A, Prabhu RK., “A Mechanical Brain Damage Framework Used to Model Abnormal Brain Tau Protein Accumulations of National Football League Players” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Association of Increased Serum S100B Levels With High School Football Subconcussive Head Impacts ↗Zonner SW, Ejima K, Bevilacqua ZW, Huibregtse ME, Charleston C, Fulgar C, Kawata K. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Zonner SW, Ejima K, Bevilacqua ZW, Huibregtse ME, Charleston C, Fulgar C, Kawata K., “Association of Increased Serum S100B Levels With High School Football Subconcussive Head Impacts” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Blood-Flow Restricted Warm-Up Alters Muscle Hemodynamics and Oxygenation during Repeated Sprints in American Football Players ↗Fortin JF, Billaut F. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Fortin JF, Billaut F., “Blood-Flow Restricted Warm-Up Alters Muscle Hemodynamics and Oxygenation during Repeated Sprints in American Football Players” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Daily Heart Rate Variability before and after Concussion in an American College Football Player ↗Flatt AA, Wilkerson GB, Allen JR, Keith CM, Esco MR. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Flatt AA, Wilkerson GB, Allen JR, Keith CM, Esco MR., “Daily Heart Rate Variability before and after Concussion in an American College Football Player” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Dynamics of Executive Functions, Basic Psychological Needs, Impulsivity, and Depressive Symptoms in American Football Players ↗Rincón-Campos YE, Sanchez-Lopez J, López-Walle JM, Ortiz-Jiménez X. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Rincón-Campos YE, Sanchez-Lopez J, López-Walle JM, Ortiz-Jiménez X., “Dynamics of Executive Functions, Basic Psychological Needs, Impulsivity, and Depressive Symptoms in American Football Players” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Effects of Protective American Football Headgear on Peripheral Vision Reaction Time and Visual Target Detection in Division I NCAA Football Players ↗Miller RA, Rogers RR, Williams TD, Marshall MR, Moody JR, Hensarling RW, Ballmann CG. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Miller RA, Rogers RR, Williams TD, Marshall MR, Moody JR, Hensarling RW, Ballmann CG., “Effects of Protective American Football Headgear on Peripheral Vision Reaction Time and Visual Target Detection in Division I NCAA Football Players” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Every hit matters: White matter diffusivity changes in high school football athletes are correlated with repetitive head acceleration event exposure ↗Jang I, Chun IY, Brosch JR, Bari S, Zou Y, Cummiskey BR, Lee TA, Lycke RJ, Poole VN, Shenk TE, Svaldi DO, Tamer GG, Dydak U, Leverenz LJ, Nauman EA, Talavage TM. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Jang I, Chun IY, Brosch JR, Bari S, Zou Y, Cummiskey BR, Lee TA, Lycke RJ, Poole VN, Shenk TE, Svaldi DO, Tamer GG, Dydak U, Leverenz LJ, Nauman EA, Talavage TM., “Every hit matters: White matter diffusivity changes in high school football athletes are correlated with repetitive head acceleration event exposure” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Exposing an “Intangible” Cognitive Skill Among Collegiate Football Players: III. Enhanced Reaction Control to Motion ↗Wylie SA, Ally BA, van Wouwe NC, Neimat JS, van den Wildenberg WPM, Bashore TR. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Wylie SA, Ally BA, van Wouwe NC, Neimat JS, van den Wildenberg WPM, Bashore TR., “Exposing an “Intangible” Cognitive Skill Among Collegiate Football Players: III. Enhanced Reaction Control to Motion” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Mortality risk factors among National Football League players: An analysis using player career data ↗Ehrlich J, Kmush B, Walia B, Sanders S. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Ehrlich J, Kmush B, Walia B, Sanders S., “Mortality risk factors among National Football League players: An analysis using player career data” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From Cerebrospinal Fluid of Former National Football League Players at Risk for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ↗Muraoka S, Jedrychowski MP, Tatebe H, DeLeo AM, Ikezu S, Tokuda T, Gygi SP, Stern RA, Ikezu T. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Muraoka S, Jedrychowski MP, Tatebe H, DeLeo AM, Ikezu S, Tokuda T, Gygi SP, Stern RA, Ikezu T., “Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From Cerebrospinal Fluid of Former National Football League Players at Risk for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Repetitive Head Impact Exposure in College Football Following an NCAA Rule Change to Eliminate Two-A-Day Preseason Practices: A Study from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium ↗Stemper BD, Shah AS, Harezlak J, Rowson S, Duma S, Mihalik JP, Riggen LD, Brooks A, Cameron KL, Giza CC, Houston MN, Jackson J, Posner MA, McGinty G, DiFiori J, Broglio SP, McAllister TW, McCrea M, An · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Stemper BD, Shah AS, Harezlak J, Rowson S, Duma S, Mihalik JP, Riggen LD, Brooks A, Cameron KL, Giza CC, Houston MN, Jackson J, Posner MA, McGinty G, DiFiori J, Broglio SP, McAllister TW, McCrea M, An, “Repetitive Head Impact Exposure in College Football Following an NCAA Rule Change to Eliminate Two-A-Day Preseason Practices: A Study from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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The Association between Mandated Preseason Heat Acclimatization Guidelines and Exertional Heat Illness during Preseason High School American Football Practices ↗Kerr ZY, Register-Mihalik JK, Pryor RR, Pierpoint LA, Scarneo SE, Adams WM, Kucera KL, Casa DJ, Marshall SW. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
U.S. public domain
Credit
Kerr ZY, Register-Mihalik JK, Pryor RR, Pierpoint LA, Scarneo SE, Adams WM, Kucera KL, Casa DJ, Marshall SW., “The Association between Mandated Preseason Heat Acclimatization Guidelines and Exertional Heat Illness during Preseason High School American Football Practices” (2019). PubMed Central. U.S. public domain.
Public domain in the U.S., as its source marks it. The licence or statement ↗
The Effect of Game Importance on Concussion Incidence in the National Football League: An Observational Study ↗Hannah T, Dreher N, Shankar DS, Li AY, Dai J, Lovell MR, Choudhri TF. · 2019 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 3.0
Credit
Hannah T, Dreher N, Shankar DS, Li AY, Dai J, Lovell MR, Choudhri TF., “The Effect of Game Importance on Concussion Incidence in the National Football League: An Observational Study” (2019). PubMed Central. CC BY 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.
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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Professional American Football Players: Where Are We Now? ↗Tharmaratnam T, Iskandar MA, Tabobondung TC, Tobbia I, Gopee-Ramanan P, Tabobondung TA. · 2018 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Tharmaratnam T, Iskandar MA, Tabobondung TC, Tobbia I, Gopee-Ramanan P, Tabobondung TA., “Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Professional American Football Players: Where Are We Now?” (2018). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Exposing an “Intangible” Cognitive Skill among Collegiate Football Players: Enhanced Interference Control ↗Wylie SA, Bashore TR, Van Wouwe NC, Mason EJ, John KD, Neimat JS, Ally BA. · 2018 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Wylie SA, Bashore TR, Van Wouwe NC, Mason EJ, John KD, Neimat JS, Ally BA., “Exposing an “Intangible” Cognitive Skill among Collegiate Football Players: Enhanced Interference Control” (2018). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Exposing an “Intangible” Cognitive Skill Among Collegiate Football Players: II. Enhanced Response Impulse Control ↗Bashore TR, Ally B, van Wouwe NC, Neimat JS, van den Wildenberg WPM, Wylie SA. · 2018 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Bashore TR, Ally B, van Wouwe NC, Neimat JS, van den Wildenberg WPM, Wylie SA., “Exposing an “Intangible” Cognitive Skill Among Collegiate Football Players: II. Enhanced Response Impulse Control” (2018). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Initial symptom presentation after high school football-related concussion varies by time point in a season: an initial investigation ↗Brett BL, Kuhn AW, Yengo-Kahn AM, Kerr ZY, Bonfield CM, Solomon GS, Zuckerman SL. · 2018 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Brett BL, Kuhn AW, Yengo-Kahn AM, Kerr ZY, Bonfield CM, Solomon GS, Zuckerman SL., “Initial symptom presentation after high school football-related concussion varies by time point in a season: an initial investigation” (2018). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Negative Mood States Correlate with Laterobasal Amygdala in Collegiate Football Players ↗Cho HB, Bueler CE, DiMuzio J, Hicks-Little C, McGlade E, Lyoo IK, Yurgelun-Todd D. · 2018 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Cho HB, Bueler CE, DiMuzio J, Hicks-Little C, McGlade E, Lyoo IK, Yurgelun-Todd D., “Negative Mood States Correlate with Laterobasal Amygdala in Collegiate Football Players” (2018). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Inversely Correlated with Hepatic Lipid Content in Male Collegiate Football Athletes ↗Sun X, Cao ZB, Tanisawa K, Oshima S, Higuchi M. · 2018 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Sun X, Cao ZB, Tanisawa K, Oshima S, Higuchi M., “Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Inversely Correlated with Hepatic Lipid Content in Male Collegiate Football Athletes” (2018). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Age of first exposure to American football and long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive outcomes ↗Alosco ML, Kasimis AB, Stamm JM, Chua AS, Baugh CM, Daneshvar DH, Robbins CA, Mariani M, Hayden J, Conneely S, Au R, Torres A, McClean MD, McKee AC, Cantu RC, Mez J, Nowinski CJ, Martin BM, Chaisson C · 2017 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Alosco ML, Kasimis AB, Stamm JM, Chua AS, Baugh CM, Daneshvar DH, Robbins CA, Mariani M, Hayden J, Conneely S, Au R, Torres A, McClean MD, McKee AC, Cantu RC, Mez J, Nowinski CJ, Martin BM, Chaisson C, “Age of first exposure to American football and long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive outcomes” (2017). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Detection of American Football Head Impacts Using Biomechanical Features and Support Vector Machine Classification ↗Wu LC, Kuo C, Kuo C, Loza J, Kurt M, Laksari K, Yanez LZ, Senif D, Anderson SC, Miller LE, Urban JE, Stitzel JD, Camarillo DB. · 2017 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Wu LC, Kuo C, Kuo C, Loza J, Kurt M, Laksari K, Yanez LZ, Senif D, Anderson SC, Miller LE, Urban JE, Stitzel JD, Camarillo DB., “Detection of American Football Head Impacts Using Biomechanical Features and Support Vector Machine Classification” (2017). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Intracranial Ischemic Infarct Due to Blunt Force Trauma in a High School Football Player ↗Esianor BI, Haider AS, Engelhardt MI, Osumah T, Vayalumkal S, Thakur R, Leonard D, Haithcock J, Layton KF. · 2017 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 3.0
Credit
Esianor BI, Haider AS, Engelhardt MI, Osumah T, Vayalumkal S, Thakur R, Leonard D, Haithcock J, Layton KF., “Intracranial Ischemic Infarct Due to Blunt Force Trauma in a High School Football Player” (2017). PubMed Central. CC BY 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Players in the National Football League: A Scoping Review ↗Rogers AJ, Xia K, Soe K, Sexias A, Sogade F, Hutchinson B, Vieira D, McFarlane SI, Jean-Louis G. · 2017 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Rogers AJ, Xia K, Soe K, Sexias A, Sogade F, Hutchinson B, Vieira D, McFarlane SI, Jean-Louis G., “Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Players in the National Football League: A Scoping Review” (2017). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Fatalities Among High School and College Football Players — United States, 2005–2014 ↗Kucera KL and coauthors; CDC MMWR · 2017 · CDCHistorical fatality surveillance, exposure denominators and emergency-planning context; keep the 2005–2014 study period attached.
U.S. public domain
Credit
Kucera KL and coauthors; CDC MMWR, “Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Fatalities Among High School and College Football Players — United States, 2005–2014” (2017). CDC. U.S. public domain.
Public domain in the U.S., as its source marks it. The licence or statement ↗
Profiling of Junior College Football Players and Differences between Position Groups ↗Lockie RG, Lazar A, Orjalo AJ, Davis DL, Moreno MR, Risso FG, Hank ME, Stone RC, Mosich NW. · 2016 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Lockie RG, Lazar A, Orjalo AJ, Davis DL, Moreno MR, Risso FG, Hank ME, Stone RC, Mosich NW., “Profiling of Junior College Football Players and Differences between Position Groups” (2016). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Vascular Health in American Football Players: Cardiovascular Risk Increased in Division III Players ↗Feairheller DL, Aichele KR, Oakman JE, Neal MP, Cromwell CM, Lenzo JM, Perez AN, Bye NL, Santaniello EL, Hill JA, Evans RC, Thiele KA, Chavis LN, Getty AK, Wisdo TR, McClelland JM, Sturgeon K, Chlad P · 2016 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Feairheller DL, Aichele KR, Oakman JE, Neal MP, Cromwell CM, Lenzo JM, Perez AN, Bye NL, Santaniello EL, Hill JA, Evans RC, Thiele KA, Chavis LN, Getty AK, Wisdo TR, McClelland JM, Sturgeon K, Chlad P, “Vascular Health in American Football Players: Cardiovascular Risk Increased in Division III Players” (2016). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Its maker shared it under the CC BY 4.0 licence: free to use with credit. The licence or statement ↗
A longitudinal study examining the effects of a season of American football on lipids and lipoproteins ↗Oliver JM, Joubert DP, Caldwell A, Martin SE, Crouse SF. · 2015 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex tested protocols, player level, sample size, measured outcomes and limitations; retain the population and avoid universal coaching claims.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Oliver JM, Joubert DP, Caldwell A, Martin SE, Crouse SF., “A longitudinal study examining the effects of a season of American football on lipids and lipoproteins” (2015). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.
Its maker shared it under the CC BY 4.0 licence: free to use with credit. The licence or statement ↗
Concussion management in US college football: progress and pitfalls ↗Baugh CM, Kroshus E. · 2015 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Baugh CM, Kroshus E., “Concussion management in US college football: progress and pitfalls” (2015). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Its maker shared it under the CC BY 4.0 licence: free to use with credit. The licence or statement ↗
Utilization of the clinical laboratory for the implementation of concussion biomarkers in collegiate football and the necessity of personalized and predictive athlete specific reference intervals ↗Schulte S, Rasmussen NN, McBeth JW, Richards PQ, Yochem E, Petron DJ, Strathmann FG. · 2015 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
Schulte S, Rasmussen NN, McBeth JW, Richards PQ, Yochem E, Petron DJ, Strathmann FG., “Utilization of the clinical laboratory for the implementation of concussion biomarkers in collegiate football and the necessity of personalized and predictive athlete specific reference intervals” (2015). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Its maker shared it under the CC BY 4.0 licence: free to use with credit. The licence or statement ↗
Wearing American Football helmets increases cervicocephalic kinaesthetic awareness in “elite” American Football players but not controls ↗McCarthy PW, Hume PJ, Heusch AI, Lark SD. · 2015 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 4.0
Credit
McCarthy PW, Hume PJ, Heusch AI, Lark SD., “Wearing American Football helmets increases cervicocephalic kinaesthetic awareness in “elite” American Football players but not controls” (2015). PubMed Central. CC BY 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Its maker shared it under the CC BY 4.0 licence: free to use with credit. The licence or statement ↗
Metabolic changes in concussed American football players during the acute and chronic post-injury phases ↗Henry LC, Tremblay S, Leclerc S, Khiat A, Boulanger Y, Ellemberg D, Lassonde M. · 2011 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex measured outcomes, study design, exposure definitions and limitations; do not infer an individual player’s diagnosis or risk from group findings.
CC BY 2.0
Credit
Henry LC, Tremblay S, Leclerc S, Khiat A, Boulanger Y, Ellemberg D, Lassonde M., “Metabolic changes in concussed American football players during the acute and chronic post-injury phases” (2011). PubMed Central. CC BY 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0.
Its maker shared it under the CC BY 2.0 licence: free to use with credit. The licence or statement ↗
Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infection in High School Football Players, New York City, 2003 ↗Manning SE, Lee E, Bambino M, Ackelsberg J, Weiss D, Sathyakumar C, Kornblum J, Barbot O, Johnson D, Kaplan EL, Layton M. · 2005 · Study · PubMed CentralIndex research methods, populations, dates and reported limitations; preserve the difference between research and current official guidance.
U.S. public domain
Credit
Manning SE, Lee E, Bambino M, Ackelsberg J, Weiss D, Sathyakumar C, Kornblum J, Barbot O, Johnson D, Kaplan EL, Layton M., “Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infection in High School Football Players, New York City, 2003” (2005). PubMed Central. U.S. public domain.
Public domain in the U.S., as its source marks it. The licence or statement ↗

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